SEXUAL RESPONSES AMONG THE ELDERLY

The elderly are commonly stereotyped as being incapable of or uninterested in sexual relations. Though some physical changes do occur in older men and women, they generally do not cause them to stop enjoying sex. In women, the most significant physical changes follow menopause. Their skin becomes less elastic; most internal sexual organs, including the uterus and cervix, undergo some shrinkage; the vaginal walls become thinner; and vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal may decrease. The resulting increased friction during penetration can be painful. The typical physical change during orgasm is that the duration tends to be shorter. In fact, postmenopausal women experience sexual relations much the same as they did prior to menopause, only less intensely and for shorter periods of time. Women who remain sexually active report fewer problems with age-related changes in sexual functioning. The use of artificial lubricants usually resolves the problem of insufficient lubrication. Taking estrogen, known as estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), may decrease or prevent these physical changes that follow menopause.
Although men do not experience menopause, their bodies also undergo changes as a result of the aging process. They experience a decrease in firmness of erection, and they require more direct and prolonged stimulation in order to achieve an erection. They are slower to obtain a full erection and to reach orgasm, and their refractory periods are longer. Elderly men also experience a decrease in the intensity of ejaculation. Semen seeps out during ejaculation rather than being forcefully expelled as is typical in younger men. However, the majority of healthy elderly men maintain a regular and satisfying sex life, especially if they have an available partner.
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